https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/indexhttps://rss.appSat, 18 Apr 2020 04:16:42 GMTThe present study aims to investigate the factors and forms of female child trafficking in Pakhtun society from the perspective of opinion of leaders and experts. It enlists some of the cultural factors and forms of marriages, which provide critical space for the practice of trafficking even though it goes unnoticed in Pakhtun society. For this purpose, data were collected from 392 respondents, consisting of 116 university teachers, 103 journalists and 173 legal practitioners from Peshawar. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha test was used to know about the reliability of the tool which was 0.7. Analyses were carried out with the help of suitable statistical tests of Chi square, and gamma. Simple frequency distribution, bi and multivariate level of analyses were carried out. The study found that all the study indicators of Pakhtun culture are responsible for providing breeding ground for female child trafficking. Bride price, excessive dowry compensation marriage (locally known as Swara marriage), and forced marriage are the main factors and forms responsible for female child trafficking in the study area. Results at bivariate and multivariate confirm each other where gender has no critical role in the resulted association between the two variables.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/12c1cfcc43083502dbbd57f169e62535ddThe study aims to explore the authentic leadership attributes (ALA) and its impact on the followers’ authentic leadership development (FALD). The objectives of the study were to investigate authentic leadership attributes of leaders, find out existing position of followers’ authentic leadership development and measure relationship between authentic leadership attributes and followers’ authentic leadership development at university level. The population of the study was 6975. The sample of the study was 967. The mixed method approach was used to collect information from the sample through modified form of ALQ developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardener, Wernsing, & Peterson (2008) and in-depth interviews.  Analysis was done with Mean, STD deviation, Pearson’s rank correlation and thematic analysis. It was found that r value (.513) which was significant at .000 showed significant positive large correlations between authentic leadership attributes and followers’ authentic leadership development at university level.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/134f276c96ef2f832ab56bd7f70db20369The present century has added a number of challenges to educational leaders: the growing competition, high community expectations, economic challenges and hyper connected technological globalization which require manifold decisions on the part of educational leaders. The study in hand is an endeavor to explore the conflict of moral preferences against highly task oriented or mechanical decisions opted by educational leaders. The study adopted qualitative paradigm for in depth phenomenological inquiry of the perceptions and experiences of 12 educational leaders about their preferences, either moral or mechanical, in the sense of task oriented demands. The purposive sample comprised deans, directors and heads of departments at a Pakistani women university who were individually interviewed. Thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed that the educational leaders faced pressures of imposing high workloads to the staff, irrational downsizing, intruding personal privacy of staff by demanding 24/7 technological availability, reducing flexibility, being stern to conflicts, being less empathetic and insensitive to individual problems and imposing deadlines to be met by the staff. In addition, they found less time to listen to the individual problems of their staff or to motivate them. They were deeply concerned about the external and internal organizational policies that might demoralize the staff. The educational leaders confessed that the increased number of credit hours and changed social and technological environment had reduced opportunities of character building and moral grooming for students. The study shows implications for balancing the mechanical challenges of the 21st century with moral emphasis and priorities of ‘right action’ in the field of education.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/14a1f99bdfc873b7684d211828aafc6950This qualitative action research study aimed to examine teachers’ perceptions about peer observation as an instrument for their Continuous Professional Development (CPD). For this purpose, the experiences of 12 purposefully selected secondary school teachers were captured through peer observation tool followed by focus group interviews to answers two research questions i.e. do teachers perceive peer observation as an effective instrument for their continuous professional development; and what are the merits and demerits in seeking sound professional development through peer observations? The conclusion reveals that peer observation was viewed by teachers as a valuable tool for their professional growth. Teachers reported that peer observation allowed them less anxiety, hesitation and pressure during teaching making the process more reliable and authentic. However, participants also reported time factor and less experience in observation on the part of teachers as obstacles to peer observation. The study includes some suggested recommendations for a more improved peer observation program.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/15e13806fc988f02a17222ff6d26d11ceeQuality university education is the central aspiration of universities in the 21st century where different dimensions are explore as starting point including classroom learning environment. This classroom learning environment can boost or hinder students’ learning which covers the physical and psychological dimension shaving significant effects on classroom teaching learning process at university level. Promoting quality education therefore needs; supportive classroom environment, students’ confidence building, provision of learning facilities, its utilization, self-developed code of conduct and sense of responsibility among the stakeholders. This study explored students and teachers views about quality education through conducive’ classroom learning environment at university level following explanatory research design with a questionnaire and interview tools. The findings revealed that teachers took the learning responsibilities of students, impose external code of conduct for classroom business, rare utilization of classroom learning resources and scarcity of some important instructional materials for teaching in classroom. Therefore, it was recommended, that teachers may accept students’ potential, trust in them, respect their view point by engineering critical and creative thinking through authentic instructional approach.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/1666234ef787da99600ab5128f921f29f3The objectives of this research study were to know about the challenges/ issues to government high schools in District Bajaur, which causes exclusion of students from learning environment. The nature of the study was quantitative and the data was collected through questionnaire in Tehsil Mamund. The study identified that students of the study area are facing some problems like shortage of classrooms, non-availability of furniture, lack of clean water, not well qualified teachers, elevated student-teacher ratios and in sufficient teaching resources that causes low quality education among students and frequently transmits little or no authentic learning. Moreover, nepotism, favoritism and bribes relation both in cash and kind badly affect the education system of the study area. From the research study it was concluded that rather than to bring harmony in society through education it brings dissonance and imbalances. In light of the study it is recommended to Government for giving a friendly attention to this historical big problem in locale in traditional as well as cultural context or giving golden handshake opportunities to the aged and low qualified teachers. The politician religious clergies and welfare organization are also requested to sensitize the people of the area for this holy purpose in friendly environment.]]>https://ojs.rjsser.org.pk/index.php/rjsser/article/view/17e3696e468d8904fac44eb0d2af38a9dd